[pve-devel] [PATCH qemu-server v5 03/16] test: add parse config tests

Fiona Ebner f.ebner at proxmox.com
Mon Jan 27 12:29:10 CET 2025


Tests for parsing and writing VM configuration files. The parsing part
is already covered by the config2command test too, but that only
focuses on the main section, not other section types and does not also
test parsing in strict mode.

Signed-off-by: Fiona Ebner <f.ebner at proxmox.com>
---
 test/Makefile                                 |   7 +-
 .../verify-snapshot.conf                      |  36 ++++
 .../verify-snapshot.conf.strict.error         |   1 +
 test/parse-config-input/locked.conf           |  16 ++
 test/parse-config-input/plain.conf            |  15 ++
 test/parse-config-input/regular-vm-efi.conf   |  16 ++
 test/parse-config-input/sections.conf         |  44 ++++
 test/parse-config-input/snapshots.conf        | 189 ++++++++++++++++++
 test/parse-config-input/verify-snapshot.conf  |  37 ++++
 test/run_parse_config_tests.pl                |  92 +++++++++
 10 files changed, 451 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf.strict.error
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-input/locked.conf
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-input/plain.conf
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-input/regular-vm-efi.conf
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-input/sections.conf
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-input/snapshots.conf
 create mode 100644 test/parse-config-input/verify-snapshot.conf
 create mode 100755 test/run_parse_config_tests.pl

diff --git a/test/Makefile b/test/Makefile
index 65ed7bc4..f7372e2e 100644
--- a/test/Makefile
+++ b/test/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 all: test
 
-test: test_snapshot test_cfg_to_cmd test_pci_addr_conflicts test_qemu_img_convert test_migration test_restore_config
+test: test_snapshot test_cfg_to_cmd test_pci_addr_conflicts test_qemu_img_convert test_migration test_restore_config test_parse_config
 
 test_snapshot: run_snapshot_tests.pl
 	./run_snapshot_tests.pl
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ $(MIGRATION_TEST_TARGETS):
 test_restore_config: run_qemu_restore_config_tests.pl
 	./run_qemu_restore_config_tests.pl
 
+test_parse_config: run_parse_config_tests.pl
+	./run_parse_config_tests.pl
+
 .PHONY: clean
 clean:
-	rm -rf MigrationTest/run
+	rm -rf MigrationTest/run parse-config-output
diff --git a/test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf b/test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd503f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+boot: order=scsi0
+cores: 2
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide2: lvm:vm-120-cloudinit,media=cdrom
+ipconfig0: ip6=dhcp
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.0.2,ctime=1725975013
+name: deb1223
+net0: vmxnet3=BC:24:11:2C:69:EC,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: l26
+parent: snap
+scsi0: nfs:120/vm-120-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=b3247ab1-1fe6-428e-965b-08a1b64a8746
+sockets: 1
+unused0: rbd:vm-120-disk-0
+vmgenid: 7079e97c-50e3-4079-afe7-23e67566b946
+
+[snap]
+boot: order=scsi0
+cores: 2
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide2: lvm:vm-120-cloudinit,media=cdrom
+ipconfig0: ip6=dhcp
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.0.2,ctime=1725975013
+name: deb1223
+net0: vmxnet3=BC:24:11:2C:69:EC,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+ostype: l26
+scsi0: nfs:120/vm-120-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=b3247ab1-1fe6-428e-965b-08a1b64a8746
+snaptime: 1737549549
+sockets: 1
+vmgenid: 7079e97c-50e3-4079-afe7-23e67566b946
diff --git a/test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf.strict.error b/test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf.strict.error
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a77d4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-expected/verify-snapshot.conf.strict.error
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+vm 8006 - unable to parse value of 'numa' - type check ('boolean') failed - got 'verify meee~ :)'
diff --git a/test/parse-config-input/locked.conf b/test/parse-config-input/locked.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38b6e36c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-input/locked.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# locked
+bootdisk: scsi0
+cores: 1
+ide2: none,media=cdrom
+lock: backup
+memory: 512
+name: apache
+net0: virtio=92:38:11:FD:ED:87,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: l26
+scsi0: mydir:1422/vm-1422-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-pci
+smbios1: uuid=ddf91b3f-a597-42be-9a7e-fb6421dcd5cd
+sockets: 1
+unused7: mydir:1422/vm-1422-disk-8.qcow2
+vmgenid: 0
diff --git a/test/parse-config-input/plain.conf b/test/parse-config-input/plain.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63449b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-input/plain.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# plain VM
+bootdisk: scsi0
+cores: 1
+ide2: none,media=cdrom
+memory: 512
+name: apache
+net0: virtio=92:38:11:FD:ED:87,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: l26
+scsi0: mydir:142/vm-142-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-pci
+smbios1: uuid=ddf91b3f-a597-42be-9a7e-fb6421dcd5cd
+sockets: 1
+tags: foo bar
+vmgenid: 0
diff --git a/test/parse-config-input/regular-vm-efi.conf b/test/parse-config-input/regular-vm-efi.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d75fff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-input/regular-vm-efi.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# regular VM with an EFI disk
+bios: ovmf
+boot: order=scsi0;ide2;net0
+cores: 1
+efidisk0: mydir:139/vm-139-disk-0.qcow2,size=128K
+ide2: local:iso/debian-10.6.0-amd64-netinst.iso,media=cdrom
+memory: 2048
+name: eficloneclone
+net0: virtio=7A:6C:A5:8B:11:93,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: l26
+scsi0: rbdkvm:vm-139-disk-1,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-pci
+smbios1: uuid=21a7e7bc-3cd2-4232-a009-a41f4ee992ae
+sockets: 1
+vmgenid: 0
diff --git a/test/parse-config-input/sections.conf b/test/parse-config-input/sections.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6329c33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-input/sections.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+boot: order=scsi0
+cores: 2
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide2: lvm:vm-120-cloudinit,media=cdrom
+ipconfig0: ip6=dhcp
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.0.2,ctime=1725975013
+name: deb1223
+net0: vmxnet3=BC:24:11:2C:69:EC,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: l26
+parent: foo
+scsi0: nfs:120/vm-120-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=b3247ab1-1fe6-428e-965b-08a1b64a8746
+sockets: 1
+unused0: rbd:vm-120-disk-0
+vmgenid: 7079e97c-50e3-4079-afe7-23e67566b946
+
+[PENDING]
+bios: ovmf
+
+[special:cloudinit]
+ipconfig0: ip=dhcp,ip6=dhcp
+name: deb122
+
+[foo]
+boot: order=scsi0
+cores: 2
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide2: lvm:vm-120-cloudinit,media=cdrom
+ipconfig0: ip=dhcp,ip6=dhcp
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.0.2,ctime=1725975013
+name: deb1223
+net0: vmxnet3=BC:24:11:2C:69:EC,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: l26
+scsi0: nfs:120/vm-120-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=b3247ab1-1fe6-428e-965b-08a1b64a8746
+snaptime: 1737548747
+sockets: 1
+vmgenid: 7079e97c-50e3-4079-afe7-23e67566b946
diff --git a/test/parse-config-input/snapshots.conf b/test/parse-config-input/snapshots.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f4f8675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-input/snapshots.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+boot: order=scsi1;ide2;net0;ide1
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-2.qcow2,size=1G
+ide1: sani:iso/virtio-win-0.1.266.iso,media=cdrom,size=707456K
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2019-evaluation.iso,media=cdrom,size=4985424K
+machine: pc-i440fx-9.1
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: virtio=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+net1: e1000=BC:24:11:79:D5:65,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+parent: win19_5_2_plus_stuff
+scsi0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-1.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+scsi1: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,iothread=1,size=32G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+sockets: 1
+unused0: rbd:vm-111-disk-0
+vga: qxl
+virtio0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+vmgenid: 713da648-38a6-489e-b0b2-dd9cef419f33
+
+[machine_version_5_1]
+boot: order=ide0;ide2;net0
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide0: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,size=32G
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2016-1616-evaluation.ISO,media=cdrom,size=5198078K
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: e1000=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+snaptime: 1736939109
+sockets: 1
+vmgenid: 1f314a76-50a3-4b92-9307-c8c6e313d3ca
+
+[machine_version_5_1_with_virtio]
+boot: order=ide0;ide2;net0;ide1
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide0: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,size=32G
+ide1: sani:iso/virtio-win-0.1.266.iso,media=cdrom,size=707456K
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2016-1616-evaluation.ISO,media=cdrom,size=5198078K
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: virtio=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+parent: machine_version_5_1
+scsi0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-1.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+snaptime: 1736940462
+sockets: 1
+virtio0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+vmgenid: 4f602356-cb9c-45ad-a554-d76d95c7c0f8
+
+[ovmf_machine_version_5_1]
+bios: ovmf
+boot: order=ide0;ide2;net0;ide1
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+efidisk0: rbd:vm-111-disk-0,efitype=4m,pre-enrolled-keys=1,size=1M
+ide0: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,size=32G
+ide1: sani:iso/virtio-win-0.1.266.iso,media=cdrom,size=707456K
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2016-1616-evaluation.ISO,media=cdrom,size=5198078K
+machine: pc-q35-5.1
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: e1000=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+parent: machine_version_5_1_with_virtio
+scsi0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-1.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+snaptime: 1736943308
+sockets: 1
+virtio0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+vmgenid: 4f602356-cb9c-45ad-a554-d76d95c7c0f8
+
+[ovmf_machine_version_5_1_virtio]
+bios: ovmf
+boot: order=ide0;ide2;net0;ide1
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+efidisk0: rbd:vm-111-disk-0,efitype=4m,pre-enrolled-keys=1,size=1M
+ide0: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,size=32G
+ide1: sani:iso/virtio-win-0.1.266.iso,media=cdrom,size=707456K
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2016-1616-evaluation.ISO,media=cdrom,size=5198078K
+machine: pc-q35-5.1
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: virtio=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+parent: ovmf_machine_version_5_1
+scsi0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-1.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+snaptime: 1736944525
+sockets: 1
+virtio0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+vmgenid: 00b95468-4f34-4faa-b0af-b214ff5bbcdf
+
+[static-network]
+bios: ovmf
+boot: order=ide0;ide2;net0;ide1
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+efidisk0: rbd:vm-111-disk-0,efitype=4m,pre-enrolled-keys=1,size=1M
+ide0: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,size=32G
+ide1: sani:iso/virtio-win-0.1.266.iso,media=cdrom,size=707456K
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2016-1616-evaluation.ISO,media=cdrom,size=5198078K
+machine: pc-q35-5.1
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: virtio=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+parent: ovmf_machine_version_5_1_virtio
+scsi0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-1.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+snaptime: 1736945713
+sockets: 1
+virtio0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+vmgenid: 5d65fc62-2cb1-4945-9641-631b37c265a5
+
+[win19_5_2]
+boot: order=scsi1;ide2;net0;ide1
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide1: sani:iso/virtio-win-0.1.266.iso,media=cdrom,size=707456K
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2019-evaluation.iso,media=cdrom,size=4985424K
+machine: pc-i440fx-5.2
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: virtio=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+net1: e1000=BC:24:11:79:D5:65,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+parent: machine_version_5_1_with_virtio
+scsi0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-1.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+scsi1: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,iothread=1,size=32G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+snaptime: 1736950690
+sockets: 1
+virtio0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+vmgenid: f259de06-fa08-4ff7-8ba9-b1233a726ac4
+
+[win19_5_2_plus_stuff]
+boot: order=scsi1;ide2;net0;ide1
+cores: 4
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-2.qcow2,size=1G
+ide1: sani:iso/virtio-win-0.1.266.iso,media=cdrom,size=707456K
+ide2: sani:iso/Win2019-evaluation.iso,media=cdrom,size=4985424K
+machine: pc-i440fx-5.2
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.1.2,ctime=1736349024
+name: win-machine-ver
+net0: virtio=BC:24:11:A3:DA:B1,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+net1: e1000=BC:24:11:79:D5:65,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: win10
+parent: win19_5_2
+scsi0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-1.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+scsi1: lvmthinbig:vm-111-disk-0,iothread=1,size=32G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=2c4a2cda-712b-44ab-8728-51f5e734b658
+snaptime: 1736951300
+sockets: 1
+vga: qxl
+virtio0: dir:111/vm-111-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=1G
+vmgenid: 713da648-38a6-489e-b0b2-dd9cef419f33
diff --git a/test/parse-config-input/verify-snapshot.conf b/test/parse-config-input/verify-snapshot.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f52272d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse-config-input/verify-snapshot.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+boot: order=scsi0
+cores: 2
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide2: lvm:vm-120-cloudinit,media=cdrom
+ipconfig0: ip6=dhcp
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.0.2,ctime=1725975013
+name: deb1223
+net0: vmxnet3=BC:24:11:2C:69:EC,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: 0
+ostype: l26
+parent: snap
+scsi0: nfs:120/vm-120-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=b3247ab1-1fe6-428e-965b-08a1b64a8746
+sockets: 1
+unused0: rbd:vm-120-disk-0
+vmgenid: 7079e97c-50e3-4079-afe7-23e67566b946
+
+[snap]
+boot: order=scsi0
+cores: 2
+cpu: x86-64-v2-AES
+ide2: lvm:vm-120-cloudinit,media=cdrom
+ipconfig0: ip6=dhcp
+memory: 4096
+meta: creation-qemu=9.0.2,ctime=1725975013
+name: deb1223
+net0: vmxnet3=BC:24:11:2C:69:EC,bridge=vnet0,firewall=1
+numa: verify meee~ :)
+ostype: l26
+scsi0: nfs:120/vm-120-disk-0.qcow2,iothread=1,size=4G
+scsihw: virtio-scsi-single
+smbios1: uuid=b3247ab1-1fe6-428e-965b-08a1b64a8746
+snaptime: 1737549549
+sockets: 1
+vmgenid: 7079e97c-50e3-4079-afe7-23e67566b946
diff --git a/test/run_parse_config_tests.pl b/test/run_parse_config_tests.pl
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d071f355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/run_parse_config_tests.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Tests parsing and writing VM configuration files.
+# The parsing part is already covered by the config2command test too, but that only focuses on the
+# main section, not other section types and does not also test parsing in strict mode.
+#
+# If no expected file exists, the input is assumed to be equal to the expected output.
+# If $file.strict.error (respectively $file.non-strict.error) exists, it is assumed to be the
+# expected error when parsing the config in strict (respectively non-strict) mode.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use lib qw(..);
+
+use File::Path qw(make_path remove_tree);
+
+use Test::MockModule;
+use Test::More;
+
+use PVE::QemuServer;
+use PVE::Tools;
+
+my $INPUT_DIR = './parse-config-input';
+my $OUTPUT_DIR = './parse-config-output';
+my $EXPECTED_DIR = './parse-config-expected';
+
+# NOTE update when you add/remove tests
+plan tests => 2 * 6;
+
+sub run_tests {
+    my ($strict) = @_;
+
+    PVE::Tools::dir_glob_foreach('./parse-config-input', '.*\.conf', sub {
+	my ($file) = @_;
+
+	my $strict_mode = $strict ? 'strict' : 'non-strict';
+
+	my $expected_err_file = "${EXPECTED_DIR}/${file}.${strict_mode}.error";
+	my $expected_err;
+	$expected_err = PVE::Tools::file_get_contents($expected_err_file) if -f $expected_err_file;
+
+	my $fake_config_fn ="$file/qemu-server/8006.conf";
+	my $input_file = "${INPUT_DIR}/${file}";
+	my $input = PVE::Tools::file_get_contents($input_file);
+	my $conf = eval {
+	    PVE::QemuServer::parse_vm_config($fake_config_fn, $input, $strict);
+	};
+	if (my $err = $@) {
+	    if ($expected_err) {
+		is($err, $expected_err, $file);
+	    } else {
+		note("got unexpected error '$err'");
+		fail($file);
+	    }
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	if ($expected_err) {
+	    note("expected error for strict mode did not occur: '$expected_err'");
+	    fail($file);
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	my $output = eval { PVE::QemuServer::write_vm_config($fake_config_fn, $conf); };
+	if (my $err = $@) {
+	    note("got unexpected error '$err'");
+	    fail($file);
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	my $output_file = "${OUTPUT_DIR}/${file}";
+	PVE::Tools::file_set_contents($output_file, $output);
+
+	my $expected_file = "${EXPECTED_DIR}/${file}";
+	$expected_file = $input_file if !-f $expected_file;
+
+	my $cmd = ['diff', '-u', $expected_file, $output_file];
+	if (system(@$cmd) == 0) {
+	    pass($file);
+	} else {
+	    fail($file);
+	}
+    });
+}
+
+make_path(${OUTPUT_DIR});
+run_tests(0);
+run_tests(1);
+remove_tree(${OUTPUT_DIR}) or die "failed to remove output directory\n";
+
+done_testing();
-- 
2.39.5





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